Thursday, November 25, 2021

A Matter of Time by Shashi Despande

A Matter of TimeA Matter of Time by Sashi Deshpande
My rating: 5 of 5 stars

It is challenging, yet fun, to read Shashi Deshpande’s novels – it’s like solving a crossword puzzle. Characters pop in at random with no explanation as to their status. I ended up drawing a genealogical chart to keep track of the myriad relationships.
This is archetypal Deshpande – a couple of extended dysfunctional families blundering through life with their individual foibles and skeletons from musty old cupboards tumbling out.
She writes with a lyrical beauty
Everything grows wild here, nothing is scaled down to a cultivated prettiness. The bougainvillaea has become a monster parasite clinging passionately to its neighbour, the akash mallige, cutting deep grooves in its trunk, as if intent on strangulating it. But high above, the two flower together amicably, as if the cruelty below is an event of the past, wholly forgotten. The champak seems to have no relation to the graceful tree that grows in other people’s yards. Grown to an enormous height, its flowers can neither be plucked nor seen, but the fragrance comes down each year like a message that it is flowering time again. The branches of the three mango trees are so tangled together it is as if they have closed ranks to protect the walls of the house, which remain damp, months after the rains.
It goes on this way, graphically evoking the ambience of a neglected garden around a hoary old mansion.

View all my reviews

Monday, November 22, 2021

Opium Inc.: How a Global Drug Trade Funded the British Empire

Opium Inc.: How a Global Drug Trade Funded the British EmpireOpium Inc.: How a Global Drug Trade Funded the British Empire by Thomas Manuel
My rating: 5 of 5 stars

It all boils down to three Greek alphabets – mu, kappa and delta.
At the risk of sounding pedantic: These are G-protein coupled opioid receptors responsible for the various effects of opioids. Mu receptors in distinct brain regions such as the nucleus accumbens and basolateral amygdala trigger euphoria and the incentive properties of rewarding stimuli, playing an important role in goal-directed behaviour. As addictive behaviour develops, poor decision making and cognition impairment shift the goal directed behaviours to habitual behaviours, and lead to compulsive drug use. Kappa opioid receptors can trigger anti-reward effects and produce dysphoric effects. Delta opioid receptors can induce anxiolytic effects. So at the root of addiction behaviour lies the mu opioid receptor. End of pomposity!
The book exposes the hypocrisy of the British, the affluent Parsi community, Singapore and surprisingly, the Nobel Laureate Rabindranath Tagore, the fortunes of all these were based on the reprehensible opium trade. Christian missionaries are indicted for their active and indirect roles in the odious trade of opioids. That some of them vehemently opposed the government policies of their governments does not excuse the community of collusion to poison and denude two nations of their self-respect and natural resources.
In fact, the history of missionary activity in China is inextricable from the commercial activities of the colonial powers. The Qing administration expressly prohibited Christian missionaries from entering their lands. But, of course, just as the opium ban didn’t stop merchants, this didn’t stop the missionaries. They simply joined trading companies as employees and entered the empire under that guise…For many missionaries, the opening of trade was integral to the spread of religion…Chinese restrictions on trade went against the will of God who wanted all countries of the world to share their wealth with each other. This acted as a neat justification for him to use the full extent of his powers to aid the colonial project.
Whereas this is an scholarly review of the opium trade, Amitav Ghosh's Ibis Trilogy Sea of PoppiesRiver of SmokeFlood of Fire gives a wonderfully graphic and in-depth account of this whole sordid affair. The author pays a glowing tribute to the trilogy. It is chilling to learn of the way tea, chocolate, coffee, sugar, and opium were interlinked with each other and depended on slavery – slaves from Africa, China and India!
The writing style is very engaging and the book is not at all like an academic tome.

View all my reviews

Friday, November 19, 2021

The Garden of Heaven by Madhulika Liddle

The Garden of Heaven (The Delhi Quartet #1)The Garden of Heaven by Madhulika Liddle
My rating: 4 of 5 stars

As far as trans-generational epics as a sub-genre of historical fiction are concerned, there have been more engrossing tales. This was rather jerky, with jumps of up to three decades between successive characters. The frieze called the Garden of Heaven is like a red-herring – maybe it assumes significance in the sequels of the proposed quartet.
Finally, the Dilli I expected centered around Chandni Chowk was missing and the yarn was located in present-day Mehrauli.
However, waiting eagerly for the sequels…

View all my reviews

Tuesday, November 9, 2021

A Judge in Madras

A Judge in Madras: Sir Sidney Wadsworth and the Indian Civil Service, 1913-47A Judge in Madras: Sir Sidney Wadsworth and the Indian Civil Service, 1913-47 by Caroline Keen
My rating: 3 of 5 stars

A rarely seen aspect of the IAS (the hidebound chthonic behemoth - the much vaunted “steel frame of India” – it’s segueing from the British to the native bureaucrats and inception from the venerable ICS. The book offers a glimpse of the history and geography of present-day Chennai and its surroundings.
However, it is painful to see the convoluted justifications of development put forth by these erstwhile rulers of India. If they constructed a railway network and roads, it was for their travel and transport of goods looted from various parts of the land to enrich their coffers back in Britain. Irrigation canals were not for countering famines due to failure of the monsoon but for increased and disproportionate agricultural levies and irrigation tax.
Except for the patronising tone, the narrative is a fairly balanced account of pre-Independence India – specifically South India.

View all my reviews

Friday, November 5, 2021

Book Review - Delhi: A Soliloquy by M. Mukundan

Delhi: A SoliloquyDelhi: A Soliloquy by M. Mukundan
My rating: 5 of 5 stars

One of those rare, soul-stirring books that jolts the complacency out of the reader. Having studied and trained in Delhi (Ramjas College, UCMS, Safdarjung Hospital), hung around K Nags swilling Campa Cola (long haired, jhola toting, wearing bell-bottoms and shirts with ‘go-go’ collars), scoured Nai Sadak for books, experimented with various manifestations of cannabis in the lanes of Chandni Chowk, wooed my wife-to-be (Rose Garden in Hauz Khas, South Ex, corridors of CP), getting married in Arya Samaj Mandir BKS Marg, cuddling my newly-born daughter in Holy Family Hospital, and eventually working as a Palliative Care Physician, I can claim to be a true Dilliwala . On my first two-wheeler (a Bajaj) and later in a Maruti 800, I watched in dismay as the idyllic roads of Delhi turned into polluted streams of bumper-to-bumper traffic jams. Grand old trees gave way to the concrete jungle of present times. Love it or hate it – it’s my Dilli and having witnessed the turbulent times described in the book, I can closely identify with the defining moments in the Delhi’s history – the Emergency and the ’84 riots. The author has distilled the essence of India’s capital – a recent historical look through the eyes of an immigrant from Kerala – religion, caste, poverty, politics, slums (the so-called JJ Colonies), parochialism, riots, pogroms, socioeconomic disparity, all interlaced with communist undertones. The narrative starts from the early sixties when the present day megapolis was still a growing city
… Andrews Ganj, where the city itself ended. Beyond it were wheat fields, interspersed with cabbage and radish patches…The cauliflower patches on the right side of the narrow road leading to Kalkaji were also in darkness. No one went there after nightfall because it teemed with robbers and thugs…
Today middle-class aspirations include owing a car, flat-screen TV etc but back then
A Murphy radio was the dream of every middle-class family
Before the so-called economic liberalization in the nineties, three decades earlier, life was a struggle
he woke up to the rumble of Delhi Milk Scheme vans filled with milk bottles driving past the house. He had permits for two half-litre bottles since they were a family of four.
The author chiefly on the woes and existential concerns of the poor and down-trodden
For a man with no money, hunger was a real problem. But Vasu was one of those who belied that one doesn’t need money to get food or end hunger. How did birds and animals eat? Did they have money?
These cameos convey the atmosphere of utter poverty and indifference. In the alleys of Old Delhi
A crazed-looking woman limped through the crowd, dark blood clots between her legs. No one noticed her. No one gave her a scrap of cloth to cover her nakedness. A beggar without legs and arms propelled himself forward on his back, wriggling between the wheels of rickshaws and legs of pedestrians, balancing his begging bowl on his chest.
Food for thought
The yellow-tinged mutton-rice inside big copper pots was covered with flies. Mutton-rice or fly-coated rice? A man with a henna-coloured beard stood eating his rice from an aluminium plate, watched hungrily by a beggar. Once he had sucked out all the marrow from the bones, he discarded them into the waiting hands of the beggar, who gnawed hungrily at the bits of flesh still left on them.
More from the walled city of Dilli
A child was caught pick-pocketing someone and was flung to the ground. The crowd began to kick him in his chest and stomach. Blood spurted from his nose. His howls of pain set the hearts of the doves on the minaret of Jama Masjid aflutter with fear…
The birth of Bangladesh and the refugee influx
It was like the overflow of sludge and rocks that follows a landslide. Journeys that began as a flight from death turned into funeral processions of poverty and hunger…Beside the road, and below the trees, they appeared as sores and grew like pustules. Little children with misshapen torsos, pale yellow skin and sunken eyes thrust their arms out at pedestrians and passing cars. Most of them were naked, and the boys were circumcised.
The reign of terror that was unleashed by Sanjay Gandhi and his cohort of semen-thirsty minions was an echo of Nazi pogroms against Jews in the Fourties
‘Nasbandiwale aaye hain. Bhaag jao, bhaag jao’, the naliwala shouted…After running for some time, the pigs stopped. They swished their curly tails and stood panting. Though the pigs littered more than human beings, Sanjayji’s forced vasectomy programme did not include them. No municipal vehicles drove up with a roar to round them up and take them away by force… ‘The lives of the shit-eating pigs are safer than ours,’ Sahadevan (the protagonist) said…Until now, there was only hunger, poverty, and communal and caste conflict. Nowadays it was vasectomies, arrests and incarcerations. People disappearing had become a daily occurrence.
Blooming of the lotus and the burgeoning Hindutva wave
There are people in Delhi who feed cows when humans are starving. For them, cows are more important. You know that. They don’t know the value of human beings. It’s such men who turn into fascists. I despise them.
The housing shortage
Most Malayalis, after coming to Delhi, gave up on their dream of owning an independent house. A DDA flat was all they could hope for. Matchbox-like flats built one on top of the other. Within months of moving in, there would be seepages and leaks. The corroded water pipes would break in one’s hands
The socialist symbol of existence
A ration card was not merely for buying wheat, rice and sugar at subsidised prices, and candles and firecrackers during Diwali. It was also an identity card. An authoritative and credible testimony that he was alive on the face of this earth. Without a ration card, it would be impossible to prove that he was a resident of the city.
In short, an EPIC!

View all my reviews